Integration of Islamic Spiritual Values in Tazkiyatun Nafs for the Recovery of Narcotic Addiction Clients

Wahyu Adytia Wardana

doi:10.51590/wai.v1i2.14

Authors

Wahyu Adytia Wardana Universitas Islam An Nur Lampung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51590/wai.v1i2.14

Keywords:

Drug Rehabilitation, Islamic Spirituality, Addiction Recovery

Abstract

Drug abuse in Indonesia continues to increase every year, demanding a more holistic rehabilitation approach. Conventional models focusing only on medical and psychological aspects are often unable to provide comprehensive recovery. This study aims to analyze the integration of Islamic spiritual values in the recovery process of addiction clients at Baitu Syifa Rehabilitation Center, Deli Serdang. A qualitative approach was used through observation, in-depth interviews with counselors, medical staff, and clients, as well as documentation during the period January–March 2025. The findings reveal that the integration of Islamic spirituality is manifested through activities such as dhikr, congregational prayer, Qur’anic recitation, Tahsin, and spiritual guidance based on the concept of tazkiyah an-nafs. These practices strengthen self-awareness, foster behavioral control, and cultivate new meaning in life for post-rehabilitation clients. The Islamic spiritual approach has proven to accelerate recovery and prevent relapse by building a vertical connection between clients and their Creator. This research confirms that Islamic spirituality is not merely supplementary but a central component in a sustainable and holistic rehabilitation model.

References

Adriwiguna, N S, and et al. “Muraqabah Intensification Therapy (MIT): An Alternative Islamic Therapy for Social Media Addiction.” Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 2 (2022): 1089–98. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i2.3456.

Apsari, Nurliana Cipta, Budi Muhammad Taftazani, and Meilanny Budiarti Santoso. “Faith-Based Rehabilitation for Drug Abuse in Indonesia: A Spiritual Approach of Social Work.” International Social Work 67, no. 2 (May 2024): 334–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/00208728231165637.

Bakran, Hamzah. “Spiritual-Based Therapy for Drug Addiction Recovery.” Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling Islam 6, no. 2 (2019): 145–60.

Capobianco, L, S Jilka, E Smith, and J Delgadillo. “Integrating Cognitive Behavioural and Islamic Principles in Psychology and Psychotherapy: A Narrative Review.” Journal of Religion and Health 61, no. 3 (2022): 2111–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01576-8.

Galanter, Marc, Michael Kane, and Thomas Greene. “Spirituality and Recovery Capital: A Scoping Review of Empirical Evidence.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 152 (2023): 209–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2023.109002.

Galanter, Marc, William L. White, Jag Khalsa, and Helena Hansen. “A Scoping Review of Spirituality in Relation to Substance Use Disorders: Psychological, Biological, and Cultural Issues.” Journal of Addictive Diseases 42, no. 3 (July 2024): 210–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2023.2174785.

Husain, A, and D R Hodge. “Islamically Modified Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Muslims: Clinical Guidelines and Treatment Outcomes.” Journal of Muslim Mental Health 17, no. 1 (2023): 45–68. https://doi.org/10.3998/jmmh.xxxxx.

Isgandarova, N. Mindfulness Techniques and Practices in Islamic Psychotherapy: The Power of Muraqabah. Routledge, 2024.

Kadafi, A, A Alfaiz, M Ramli, D N Asri, and J Finayanti. “The Impact of Islamic Counseling Intervention towards Students’ Mindfulness and Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal 4, no. 1 (2021): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v4i1.1018.

Kane, Michael, and Thomas Greene. “Religion, Meaning, and Addiction Recovery: Integrative Review.” Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health 24, no. 2 (2022): 145–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2022.2075417.

Kumala, O D, Y Kusprayogi, and F Nashori. “Peningkatan Kecerdasan Spiritual Dan Emosional Pasien Rehabilitasi Narkoba Melalui Dzikir Spiritual and Emotional Model (SPIEM).” Jurnal Keperawatan, 2022. https://journal2.stikeskendal.ac.id/index.php/keperawatan/article/view/112.

Maksum, A, I M Ulum, and Umihani. “Filsafat Bahasa Dalam Surah Al-Fatihah Dan Relevansinya Terhadap Konsep Pendidikan Islam Berbasis Tazkiyat Al-Nafs.” Geneologi PAI: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 10, no. 1 (2023): 23–45.

Maududin, I A, A M Tamam, and W Supraha. “Konsep Pendidikan Tazkiyatun Nafs Ibnul Qayyim Dalam Menangani Kenakalan Peserta Didik.” Journal of Islamic Education 8, no. 2 (2021): 112–30.

Naeem, F, M Latif, F Mukhtar, Y R Kim, W Li, M G Butt, N Kumar, and R Ng. “Transcultural Adaptation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in Asia.” Asia Pacific Psychiatry 13, no. 1 (2021): e12442. https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.12442.

Nasional, Badan Narkotika. “Indonesia Drug Report 2023.” Jakarta: Badan Narkotika Nasional Republik Indonesia, 2023.

Rahmawati, Siti, and Muhammad Qodir. “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Berbasis Nilai Islam Dalam Rehabilitasi Pecandu Narkoba.” Psikologi Islam Indonesia 5, no. 1 (2020): 67–80.

Sa’ari, C Z, and et al. “Needs Analysis for the Development of a Manual in Palliative Care for Malaysia: An Islamic Psychospiritual Approach.” Journal of Religion and Health 64, no. 3 (2025): 2258–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-024-02073-w.

Santoso, Fatrika, and Lindiasari Samputra P. “Pendidikan Spiritual Dan Religius Mengokohkan Resiliensi Penyalahguna Narkotika Di Indonesia.” Journal of Education 6 (2023). https://jonedu.org/index.php/joe/article/view/3677.

Seghatoleslam, Tahereh, Hussain Habil, Ahmad Hatim, Rusdi Rashid, Abolfazl Ardakan, and Farid Esmaeili Motlaq. “Achieving a Spiritual Therapy Standard for Drug Dependency in Malaysia, from an Islamic Perspective: Brief Review Article.” Iranian Journal of Public Health 44, no. 1 (January 2015): 22–27.

Subhas, N, F Mukhtar, and K Munawar. “Adapting Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for a Malaysian Muslim with Panic Disorder: A Single-Case Study.” Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran 35 (2021): 28. https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.35.28.

Tanhan, A, and R W Strack. “Online Photovoice to Explore and Advocate for Muslim Biopsychosocial Spiritual Wellbeing and Issues: Ecological Systems Theory and Ally Development.” Current Psychology 41 (2020): 2009–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00692-6.

Torres, Vanessa N., Brad R. Fulton, Eunice C. Wong, and Kathryn P. Derose. “Prevalence and Predictors of Substance Use Support Programming Among U.S. Religious Congregations.” Journal of Drug Issues 53, no. 4 (October 2023): 581–601. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426221138479.

Usman, A H, Rosni Wazir, Syamim Zakwan Rosman, Abdul Hadi Awang, Suriani Sudi, and Norsaleha Mohd Salleh. “A Systematic Review on Substance Use Disorder Treatment from Islamic Perspective.” El-Harakah 24, no. 1 (2022): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.18860/eh.v24i1.15033.

Vuzic, X D, P L Burkart, M Wenzl, J Fuchshuber, and H F Unterrainer. “The Relationship between Religious/Spiritual Well-Being, Psychiatric Symptoms and Addictive Behaviors among Young Adults during the COVID-19-Pandemic.” Frontiers in Psychology 13 (2022): 942149. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.942149.

Wulandari, Erni, and Amika Wardana. “Rehabilitasi Spiritualitas Islam Untuk Pencandu Narkoba Di Pondok Rehabilitasi Tetirah Dzikir.” Dimensia: Jurnal Kajian Sosiologi 12, no. 2 (2023): 138–50.

Yusuf, A, R Fitryasari, R D Tristiana, H E Nihayati, and S Wibisono. “The Effectiveness of Spiritual-Based Therapy on Drug Addiction Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Religion and Health 62, no. 4 (2023): 2567–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-023-01789-x.

Yusuf, Ahmad. Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spiritual Recovery Model in Islamic Rehabilitation Centers. Yogyakarta: UII Press, 2023.

Zahir, F R, and M W Qoronfleh. “Islamic Spiritual Care and Mental Health: Contemporary Perspectives and Clinical Applications.” Frontiers in Psychology 16 (2025): 1538865. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1538865.

Zainal Abidin, Nor, Ahmad Saari, and Siti Nor. “The Practice of Islamic Psychospiritual Therapy in Drug Rehabilitation: A Case of Inabah Programme in Malaysia.” Journal of Usuluddin 50, no. 1 (2022): 87–106. https://doi.org/10.22452/usuluddin.vol50no1.4.